This study offers an examination of the underpinnings of “city diplomacy.” It confirms that cities recognise the importance of city diplomacy but also lack necessary resources to fulfill the commitments they make to global agendas. The article calls for action on three fronts: more effective training, formalised multilateral engagement, and stronger city-level diplomatic capacity.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08111146.2021.1886071

Kosovac, Anna, Hartley, Kris, Acuto, Michele. and Gunning, Darcy. (2021). “City leaders go abroad: a survey of city diplomacy in 47 cities.” Urban Policy and Research.